Joel Tay - Creation.com -- Sunday School - Creation and Dinosaurs

[0:00] Okay, so I guess most of you can tell from that first sentence I sound different from most of you. And that's because I'm actually from Singapore, and now I work for Creation Ministries International.

[0:11] I'll explain who we are during the main service a little bit more. But we go to churches, we teach about creation and evolution. And one of the things that I'm really passionate about is dinosaurs, because I think this idea of dinosaurs has been used to promote the idea of evolution in millions of years more than any other topic.

[0:33] But I believe that when you start with the Word of God and then look at dinosaurs, you begin to see that it makes much more sense. Dinosaurs become evidence of the worldwide flood and things like that. So I work for Creation Ministries International.

[0:46] Like I say, we work in Atlanta, Georgia. That's our office in Atlanta. So that's me and my wife with a young daughter. So my son, he's under two years old, so he wasn't around when we took this picture. So Creation Ministries International, we are an international ministry, like I say.

[1:01] We exist in seven countries around the world. And every year we go to churches, sometimes schools, to give talks about creation, evolution, dinosaurs, and things like that. And we have a website, creation.com.

[1:14] And we have more than 40 years of research on this topic there. So you have questions about creation, about ape man, millions of years. Go to our search engine, type that into the search bar, and slightly we will have a reply waiting for you.

[1:29] So this is Infobytes. It's a free email newsletter. I'll cover this in the next talk. Not this talk. But basically, what are we going to talk about in this session? Well, we're going to look at dinosaurs.

[1:41] So here are some of the things we will be looking at. Do dinosaurs prove millions of years? Do they prove evolution? And does the Bible say anything about dinosaurs? Some of you may be surprised.

[1:52] And what do the fossils of dinosaurs tell us? We look at artifacts of dinosaur engravings to show they did not die out millions of years ago. And we look at dinosaur soft tissue. One of the most exciting things in dinosaur research in the last decade or so.

[2:09] So Jurassic Park, right? So any Jurassic Park fans here? Okay, quite a few of us. So here's a quiz for you, alright? What's this dinosaur? Velociraptor. Everybody says Velociraptor.

[2:22] Yes, that's Deinonychus. That's right. Well done. But you say to me, are you sure? I've watched the movie. I'm sure it's Velociraptor. Well, that's not really the case.

[2:33] You see, when the makers of the movie made the movie, they changed something. See, the real Velociraptor is about the size of a large dog. But when they made the movie, they say, you know, Deinonychus, that's the big one that you say?

[2:45] That sounds really boring, right? So they make Deinonychus and they name it after its smaller cousin, Velociraptor. And so for one whole generation, that was my favorite movie. I grew up thinking that was Velociraptor.

[2:57] But hey, that's another side of the story. And of course, in the latest Jurassic World, they just make that even bigger and they call it raptors. But you see, many times it's like that. There's two sides of the story.

[3:07] And many people, when they go to school, they go to movies. Do they ever learn about creation? No, right? They learn about millions of years and evolution. But like what I show you from the example with Velociraptor.

[3:19] Hey, that's another side of the story. And that's what I want to share with you today. You see, when you think of dinosaur, what comes to mind? For a lot of people, you think of, oh, millions of years of dinosaurs.

[3:30] You see, in the background of your mind, you see one volcano in the back, you know, strange looking plants. But where do we get this idea from? We have this stereotype of millions of years.

[3:41] And that comes from the culture, not from the Bible. You see, if you believe in millions of years, you believe in evolution and Big Bang. What do you really believe? This is what, you know, the circular Big Bang theory say.

[3:53] At the beginning, there was a Big Bang. So that's cosmic evolution. All the planets form. And one day due to that, the first oceans form and the first life form out of the primordial soup, that's called chemical evolution.

[4:05] And from that one cell evolved into all other life forms today. That's biological evolution. But when you start with the Bible, we have a very different picture. The Bible tells us that God created the world about 6,000 years ago in six days.

[4:19] He created man, Adam and Eve, on the sixth day of creation. There was a real Adam and Eve, a real Garden of Eden, a real fall into sin that brought sin, death and suffering to this world. Later on, there was a real worldwide flood.

[4:31] And after the flood, there was the Tower of Babel and the nations spread out all over the earth. So the Bible presents to us a very different picture of history. See, at the end of the day, why are we speaking about dinosaurs?

[4:44] It boils down to this question. Can we trust what the Bible has to say? And we are going to learn that when you start with what the Word of God says, even dinosaurs begin to make much more sense.

[4:55] And this tool that has been used to promote the idea of millions of years, I believe that when you train yourself to start the Word of God, you can use dinosaurs as a stepping stone to reach out to your friends and then share the Gospel with them.

[5:06] That's why in creation ministries, we call dinosaur missionary lizards. Train yourself to use this to reach out to your friends and show that, hey, God's Word can be trusted from the very beginning.

[5:18] But before we start talking about dinosaurs, what is a dinosaur? Is this a dinosaur? No, this is a marine reptile. It's not a dinosaur. Is that a dinosaur?

[5:29] No, that's a flying reptile. You see, the word, these are dino-like, but they're not really dinosaurs. The word dinosaur is a technical word that refers to a land creature. A land creature that has a unique anatomy.

[5:41] So what makes a dinosaur different from a crocodile or other reptiles today? If you think about how a crocodile walks, the arm grows out from the side and it crawls like that, right?

[5:52] A dinosaur is different than a reptile, but it has a unique anatomy. The arms grow straight down, so it walks upright. And so dinosaurs are reptiles, but they're a unique class of reptiles, and most of them are likely to be extinct today.

[6:08] So here's a quiz for you. Let's start with the Bible. So the T-Rex, the teeth is really sharp, six inches long. What would his original diet be? So everybody make a choice, A, B, C, or D.

[6:21] Okay? So who thinks the original diet of T-Rex is plants? Okay? Meat? Scavenger? Plant and meat eater?

[6:34] Okay. Remember what I say? Start with the Bible. What does the Bible say? To every beast of the earth and to every bird of the heavens and to everything that creeps on the earth, everything that has the breath of life.

[6:46] I've given every green plant for food. And it was so. See, at the beginning when God created everything, animals were not eating one another. God created them to eat plants. It's only after the fall that some creatures begin to eat one another.

[7:00] Start with the Word of God. God changes your view of dinosaurs. So at the beginning, they ate plants. But you say to me, oh, come on, I've read the books, I've been to the movies, I've done the research.

[7:13] Look at those sharp teeth, right? Like this cartoon say. Come on, look at those fangs. Look at those claws. You think we're supposed to just eat honey and berries? Well, if you go to a zoo, this is what it says.

[7:27] Here you have a bear exhibit. It says, although all bears have teeth designed for eating meat, the diet consists mainly of plants. See, just because you're a sharp teeth doesn't mean you eat meat.

[7:38] So I'm sure we've all heard of the word adaptation. But here's a new term, acceptation. What's that? This is the idea that the same creature can use the same tools for multiple purposes.

[7:50] So for example, here we have four different types of bears. Polar bear. What does a polar bear eat? Mostly meat, right? Yeah, fish, meat, seals. What does the brown bear or even the grizzly bear eat?

[8:04] They eat berries. They eat plants. They eat honey. They eat fish. They eat meat. So meat and plants. What does the panda eat? Bamboo. What does the sun bear eat?

[8:14] Honey, insects, lots of fruits and berries and plants. So we have four different types of diets. One mostly eating meat, one meat and plants, and one pretty much at the bottom, right?

[8:28] Eating plants. But let's look at their teeth. Do you see that? These are the same four bears. They all have the same sharp teeth. See, just because they're sharp teeth doesn't mean you have to eat meat.

[8:40] See, the same sharp teeth and strong jaws that the polar bear used to crush the head of a seal is equally useful for crushing tough plant material. In the case of the panda, bamboo.

[8:52] The same sharp claws that's used to clap a seal on its head is useful for collecting berries. So while the teeth can give us the educated guess on this diet, it's far more complicated than that.

[9:04] You can't just look at sharp teeth and say, hey, that's a meat eater. But when we start from the word of God, if the fall did not happen, something like that could have been possible. You need sharp teeth to eat things like that.

[9:16] And when I say about dinosaurs, T-Rex beginning to eat meat and things like that, these creatures are what we call the meat-eating dinosaurs. They're what we call the terror pot dinosaurs.

[9:28] And science today tells us that slightly more than half of them actually ate plants. But you say to me, wait, you say slightly more than half of them. What does that mean? That means some of them eat meat.

[9:41] So if God created dinosaurs to eat plants at the beginning and later some ate meat, how do we know? Well, they begin to eat meat after the fall, right? But there's a few ways we know what some of these dinosaurs eat.

[9:54] One way is by looking at their fossils. And when we look at some of these dinosaur fossils, we begin to see teeth marks, which means these dinosaurs begin to eat one another after sin entered the world. We begin to see disease.

[10:05] So in this case, here is actually not disease, but here is a T-Rex tooth that's stuck in this duck-billed dinosaur tailbone. Or actually his. Is he here? We actually have two bones.

[10:17] And this tooth was stuck in the middle of a joint. And we know that this dinosaur actually survived the attack because the bone healed around it. It fused two of his joints together. That's suffering. That's pain. Can you imagine how much pain this dinosaur must have been walking around with this tooth in its backbone?

[10:34] And then it fused its joints together. That's suffering. That should tell you something. That a fossil record is not a record of things that occur before sin entered the world. It's mainly a record of something that occur after sin has already entered the world.

[10:48] Like Noah's flood. So you begin to see in this talk that, hey, when we look at dinosaur fossils, the way we find all the fossils tell us that this is best explained with what the Bible says about worldwide flood.

[11:01] So here we have dinosaurs eating one another. But another way we know what dinosaurs eat is by looking at their droppings. Okay, look at that under the microscope. We can see what plants they eat, what meat they eat, and things like that.

[11:13] You know, many years ago when I first started giving talks to my friends in church, I used to be a bit mysterious. I was this teenager, maybe 18, 19 years old. I would take a piece of dinosaur dung and I would not tell them what it is.

[11:25] I would pass it around to my friends, you know. I would ask them to smell it, taste it, and guess what it is. I would not do that to you today, right? But when we look at dinosaur dung, it tells us a lot of interesting things.

[11:39] And one of the things we know is that dinosaurs ate grass. And that's surprising for evolutionists. Because evolutionists used to teach that grass did not evolve until 10 million years after dinosaurs died out.

[11:53] But what do you think we find in dinosaur droppings? Grass. Like it says, depicting dinosaurs munching on grass was considered by experts to be as foolish as showing prehistoric humans hunting dinosaurs with spears.

[12:06] Here's actually a picture from a museum in Atlanta where we are based. And it still says there today, grass did not yet exist at the time of dinosaurs. Yet we find in dinosaur droppings today, dinosaurs actually ate grass.

[12:21] And here's a picture from Creation Magazine that we published. It says grass eating dinosaurs, a time travel problem for evolution. So only in the last 10 years that some evolutionists are now beginning to accept that idea.

[12:33] So what do they do? Do they reject evolution? No, they just push the origin of grass further back in time where they have no evidence. So what else do we know? How else do we know what else they eat?

[12:46] One from their droppings that I showed you. But we also know by looking at their stomach content. So sometimes what they eat, it's preserved in a fossil. So in this case, dinosaurs eat birds.

[12:56] So we find the remains, something like that. And again, this is shocking. Because evolutionists, most evolutionists believe that dinosaurs evolved into birds.

[13:09] So like what we say here, the recent discoveries of the content of dinosaur's stomachs pose a gut-wrenching challenge to the idea that dinosaurs gave rise to birds. Because it now turns out that dinosaurs ate them.

[13:22] Time and time again, the evolutionary story has been shown to be false. Dinosaur ate birds. What else did we find? Dinosaur ate mammals. And mammals eat small dinosaurs.

[13:35] A couple of years ago, I went back to Singapore. And I went to the zoo. And there was a dinosaur exhibition. And do not ask me why there was a dinosaur exhibition. I didn't see any dinosaurs there. But there was a sign.

[13:47] And it says this. Dinosaurs didn't walk alone. They live alongside birds and mammals, such as this creature you see here. This raccoon-looking mammal measured one meter in length and hunted smaller dinosaurs, such as the Cicacosaurus.

[14:01] So dinosaurs ate grass. Dinosaurs eat mammals. Dinosaurs eat birds. And mammals were eating dinosaurs. Where is the age of a dinosaur? It's not there.

[14:12] They're all there together. Yet when was the last time you go to a museum and see all these animals in the same display? Why don't you see them put them in the same display? Because that idea doesn't fit with the stereotype of dinosaurs that we have in the mind of an age of dinosaurs millions of years ago.

[14:30] What we know from science shows us that all these creatures were there at the same time, in the same rock layers, so to speak. But earlier on, I mentioned the dinosaurs. The fossils that we find today are evidence of the worldwide flood.

[14:43] But is there any evidence that that's the case? Well, how does a fossil form? This is what a textbook will tell you. So this is from a textbook. It says, Oh, dinosaurs, it dies. It sinks to the bottom.

[14:54] And over millions of years, it's slowly being buried. There's a rock layers to see there. And one day due to erosion, the bones are exposed. And that is how you get for yourself a fossil. Is that how you get a fossil?

[15:06] No, because you can't have a roadkill lying there for millions of years, right? It decays. It falls apart. So when you get a very well-preserved fossil, that should tell you, Hey, that's evidence of catastrophe.

[15:18] Rapid barrier. So it buries everything in its path and preserves that in a well-formed position. It doesn't fall apart. And that's how we get fossils like this. And this is a very well-known fossil. So what you have here is actually these two dinosaurs that are fighting and something happens so fast that they're forever buried in place in that fighting pose.

[15:36] So here on the left, you can see a dinosaur has bitten off the arm of the velociraptor on the right. And the velociraptor has its claw in the neck of the dinosaur on the left. Something happens so quickly.

[15:48] They're fighting and they're forever stuck in that fighting pose. Is that millions of years? Or is that a worldwide catastrophe like a worldwide flood? Here's an artist's impression of what happened back then.

[16:00] See, if there's a worldwide flood, what will you expect to see all over the earth? You expect to see billions of dead things buried in rock layers laid down by water all over the earth. And that's exactly what we see.

[16:11] So I love dinosaurs. And if you know anything about dinosaurs, one of the interesting things about the way we find their bones, many times we find them in what we call dinosaur bone baits or dinosaur graveyards. So what are these?

[16:24] These are vast places, vast formations where you have tens of thousands of dinosaur bones. They're all mixed up. They're all jumpered together in one pile. Mixed together marine fossils like clams and fish and things like that.

[16:36] In fact, in Canada, there are more than two dozen such baits. In some of these formations, they extend for over one mile in length. How do you get something like that forming? Surely all these dinosaurs did not decide, hey, let's all die together in one corner.

[16:51] And why would their bones be mixed with marine fossils like fish and clams? Doesn't make sense if you believe in millions of years of slow gradual processes. But if you have a worldwide flood, now you have water sorting action.

[17:05] This water bringing together all these carcasses of creatures from vast areas together and rapidly mixing them and burying them together in one pile. So when you see dinosaur graveyards like that, that should tell you this is a worldwide flood.

[17:19] Like I said, these formations, these are massive formations. Some of them even last for a few kilometers out there. One mile as big as well. So this should tell you a worldwide flood.

[17:32] What else do we find? The so-called death post. And this is a very famous death post. You see, scientists know that when you look at dinosaur fossils, those with the long necks, so it can be a long neck seroport dinosaurs or the teraport dinosaurs that you see here, many of the fossils are this way.

[17:48] Their heads are bent backwards and their tails are bent back in a very strange position. No animal slips like that. So why are the fossils found that way? What's a mystery for many years?

[17:59] But you see, dinosaurs that have this long neck, they have a ligament that runs down the back of the neck. That allows them to pull the neck back. But when they are alive, the weight of the body is such that it doesn't bend that way.

[18:13] But now when Alicia Carter, she's a scientist, she's done some experiments. So what she did was that she looked at chickens. And chickens have the same ligament that runs down the back of the neck.

[18:25] So she took freshly killed chickens before they can harden, chew them in cold water. And so now they're in water, they're buoyant. In cold water, the ligament contracts and within seconds all the head bend back and take on the same pose.

[18:39] And this is what she said. Immersion in water is the simplest explanation. She did the same things with big birds like emus. The same thing happened. But when she cut the ligament, their heads no longer bend backwards.

[18:52] And so in the same way, when you look at all these dinosaurs out there and all the heads are bent backwards that way, immersion in water is the best explanation. So dinosaur graveyards, the way we find them in big piles together, the heads bend backwards, that tells us at the time of death they were all in water.

[19:10] What about armored dinosaurs? And this is something I really love because this is unique. See, armored dinosaurs, they don't have this long necks. So how do we find their fossils?

[19:21] Well, this is a very well-known fossil. This is actually National Geographic. It talks about the best-preserved nodosol. This is one of the armored dinosaurs of its kind. So this, she says, partially mineralized, three-dimensional preservation, remnants of its last meal.

[19:34] You can see its flowering plants in the stomach, which was surprising for many evolutionists. Patches of skin, radish pigment, and dinosaur armor. And what else did they find?

[19:45] The scientists say that this dinosaur was believed to have been swept away in a flood river into open sea, almost 100 meters. And then it was buried upside down in a rapid undersea barrier.

[19:56] Upside down. This was in June 2017. This is a 3,000-pound creature. What kind of local flood would do something like that? So this was buried upside down. So this is June.

[20:07] It turned out in the literature, just one month before that, another group of scientists in May found another one, the best piece of one of its kind. Again, another armored dinosaur and Chilosaurus.

[20:18] So this is the armored dinosaur but the one that has a club at the end of the tail. And again, look at what they say. Three-dimensional preservation. So these two dinosaurs, they're preserved in three-dimensional form in its armor. Okay?

[20:29] Abundant soft tissue preservation across the skeleton including bony skin armor, skin impression, and keratin. That's protein. It's still there. And again, the skeleton was buried upside down.

[20:42] What's going on? So one in May upside down, June one upside down. So by September, scientists begin to get curious. What's happening? So another group of scientists went to look at all the armored dinosaurs that are found in Canada and they said, they came to this conclusion, 70% of all armored dinosaurs are found upside down.

[21:01] So they begin to look at the balance and they begin to realize that these creatures, they're top heavy, the armored dinosaurs. And when you place them in water, they are very unstable.

[21:12] And all you need is for a big wave to come along and this thing will just turn over while suspended in water. So think about what we just said.

[21:24] Dinosaurs graveyards, the reason why they're piled together because at the time of death they were in water, the necks are bent backwards because they were in water and armored dinosaurs are found upside down because at the time of death they were in...

[21:38] You see where I'm going with that? Dinosaur fossils, good evidence for the worldwide flood. Start with the word of God and you begin to see the reason, in fact, the best explanation for what we see out there in the fossil record.

[21:55] But does the Bible say anything about dinosaurs? Well, the Bible says that God created land creatures on day six of creation. Dinosaurs, as we said, are land creatures. God created man on the sixth day.

[22:07] That means that at the very beginning dinosaurs and men were created on the same day as well. If the fall did not happen, this could have been possible. You see how starting with the word of God gives you a different picture of history again.

[22:24] But does the word dinosaur, is that found in the Bible itself? No. Why not? Because the word dinosaur is actually a very new word. It was coined in 1841 by Sir Richard Owen.

[22:38] But the early translations of the Bible into English were hundreds of years before that. So in the same way, you don't see words like laptops and airplanes in the Bible. Why? Those words were not yet coined.

[22:51] But in Job chapter 40, we have a very interesting animal. And here, God is confronting Job with an animal that Job was familiar with. And read the description. This creature that's called Behemoth.

[23:01] Look at Behemoth, which I made along with you, and which fits on grass like an ox. So fits on grass like an ox. What strength is in its loins? What power in the muscle of its belly? His tail moves like a cedar.

[23:14] His cedernus and ties are close-knit. His bones are like tubes of bronze. His limbs like rods of iron. He ranks first among the works of God. The largest land creature that God created has a tail the size of a cedar tree and eats grass like an ox.

[23:29] What does that sound like to you? One of the long-necked cerepid dinosaurs. Remember, it says he eats grass like an ox. Remember, evolutionists used to say that dinosaurs and grass were not there at the same time.

[23:42] But science have shown that that's the case. So Behemoth, if you go into some Bibles, they put a footnote on the bottom. See, Behemoth, maybe that's a hippopotamus. Maybe that's an elephant. So let's give that a try.

[23:54] You see, here it says that he has a tail the size of a cedar tree. So what's a cedar? It's a big tree? In fact, it was so big that the Bible says that cedar trees were used to build the pillars in King Solomon's palace.

[24:05] What creature has a tail that size? Let's do an experiment. So they say it's hippopotamus and elephant. Does that match? What about this?

[24:18] See, there's only one animal that really fits this description. one of the long-necked several-pot dinosaurs. If you do not believe me, go to a zoo, take some pictures for yourself. Does that look like a cedar tree?

[24:31] What about that? It's a sad deal you have there. You see, there's only one animal that really fits this description, Job chapter 40. So the Bible does actually talk about dinosaurs.

[24:43] It calls this creature Behemoth. But when was Job written? Before the flood or after the flood? After the flood, how do we know? Well, a few passages in Job had described how God had already judged the wicked with a worldwide flood.

[25:00] Which means that if Job was after the flood and Job saw dinosaurs, that means dinosaurs survived the flood. Which means dinosaurs must have been on the ark. Again, start with the word of God.

[25:14] Changes the way you look at these things. So when I say dinosaurs were on the ark, people always turn around to me, say, oh, come on, how can dinosaurs be on the ark? And when they say that to me, I turn around, I say, can you answer these questions?

[25:25] Tell me how many animals were there? How many dinosaurs? What was the average size of a dinosaur? How old were they and how big was the ark? And they almost always tell me they do not know. I say, if you cannot answer all these questions, how can you say that dinosaurs cannot fit on the ark?

[25:40] You see, many times in our minds, we have this picture, oh, a dinosaur is so big, how can it fit on the ark? And indeed, some dinosaurs, they are really big. But many dinosaurs are small, the size of turkeys.

[25:53] So if you take the big ones and the small ones, what was the average size? Anybody want to guess? It's about the size of a large cow. Would it have been hard to have cows on board the ark?

[26:04] No, right? And we do not have to take the big ones, right? So for example, here I have a little toy dinosaur. Is this a real, the real size of a dinosaur?

[26:17] Most people say no, but it's kind of a trick question because even the biggest dinosaur came from an egg about the size of a football. The long-necked dinosaurs, several pork dinosaurs, and you really can have the egg much bigger than that, otherwise oxygen cannot diffuse into the shell.

[26:33] So even the big long-necked dinosaurs came from an egg about the size of a football, and the biggest long-necked dinosaurs were about 15 inches and that's exactly the same size that you see here. So if Noah was going to bring small dinosaurs, they would have been much smaller.

[26:48] So the average size is the size of a large cow and if he brought them when they were much smaller, they would have been even easier to bring on board the egg. See, in our minds we have this picture of a bathtub egg or a small egg with a giraffe neck sticking out here, an elephant in the head there.

[27:03] But that's not the Ark of the Bible. The Bible gives us the dimension of the Ark and it's massive. It has three decks but it's as tall as a four-story high building and it has a length of one and a half football field size.

[27:17] It has a storage capacity of 522 railroad carts. So the next time you're driving on the road and you have to wait for a train to pass by, imagine waiting for 522 carriages.

[27:29] That's the storage capacity of the Ark. It's massive. Here you can actually see people for scale at the bottom. You see that? The Ark of the Bible is very stable.

[27:39] It's very strong. Naval architects have looked into that and found it can withstand up to three times hurricane force winds. Very stable. So how many animals did Noah bring on the Ark?

[27:53] Let's address that. How many dinosaurs? The Bible says that when God created animals, He created them to reproduce after their own kind. So what do we mean by kind? Well, this is a simplified diagram, but this will give you a rough idea.

[28:06] God created animals to diversify within their own kinds, but they do not become other types of animals. A wolf-like animal can diversify in dogs, coyotes, and things like that, but it will never become a cat.

[28:19] God created animals to reproduce after their own kind. So let's look at what does the Bible mean when it speaks about kinds. So like I say, dogs, wolves, all these animals we know from genetics come from a wolf-like pair in the recent past.

[28:36] So from that, they can diversify within their kind to get all these different types, fox, coyotes, dingoes, and things like that. So that's the dog kind or the canine kind. So here is the world's largest cat.

[28:48] Does anybody want to guess what animal is this? What's that? Siberian tiger. Siberian tiger? That's close, a close one because it's really big, but this is actually the liger. The liger's biggest cat.

[28:59] And what's a liger? A liger's actually a cross between a lion and a tiger. It shows you that they're actually the same created kind. They can reproduce within a kind. And so in Creation Magazine I wrote about ligers, but not just liger, but what we call a liger.

[29:14] So you cross a lion and a tiger, you get a liger, you take a liger, some of them are fertile, you cross a liger with a lion again to get a liger. It shows you all these cats are the same created kind. You take a lion and leopard and you get a leopard here.

[29:27] The 39 different species of cats today all came from a cat like Ancestor in the past, diversifying within their kinds. So with this understanding of what the Bible calls a kind, let us look at what the Bible says.

[29:42] See, people have this idea sometimes, oh, creationists, you do not believe that animals can diversify within their kind. That is not true. If you believe in what the Bible says, you might believe that God created animals to adapt very quickly in their environment.

[29:57] So here you have an example. Here you have Genesis chapter 15. He is talking to Abraham. But he said, oh Lord God, how am I to know that I shall possess it? He said to him, bring me a heftar three years old, a female goat three years old, a ram three years old, and a turtle dove and a young pigeon.

[30:14] Sheeps and goats, they can hybridize. They are the same created kind. Turtle dove and pigeons, they can hybridize. They are the same created kind. This passage was written when Abraham was 75 years old, 427 years after the flood.

[30:27] And this creature had already diversified within the kind so that he can distinguish one from the other. Do you see that? Turtle dove and pigeon. Here is another one in Job chapter 39.

[30:39] This is written probably 300 to 400 years after the flood. Who has let the wild donkey go free? Who has loosened the bonds of the swift donkey? In verse 19, do you give the horse his might?

[30:51] Do you clothe his neck with a mane? Horse and donkeys, they can hybridize again. 400 years after the flood, 300 to 400 years, this creature had diversified within their kind so he could distinguish one from another.

[31:03] So that's what the Bible says about created kinds. So with this idea, how many dinosaurs are there? Here we have many different types of dinosaurs, but they're all from the Sametoption kind.

[31:14] So a pair on board the ark. So how many kinds of dinosaurs are there? Turns out anywhere between 55 to 60 dinosaur kinds. And remember, the average size of a dinosaur would have been very small.

[31:26] So two of each kind, you're looking at 100 to 120 dinosaurs on board the ark. That's all. See, the Bible tells us that he just had to bring animals that breathe air through their nostrils.

[31:38] He did not have to bring insects. Insects could have survived outside the ark on floating debris and plant material that's floating during the flood and things like that. He did not have to take fish.

[31:49] And we know from the fossil record, many fish very likely went extinct. See, Noah just had to bring two of every land animal and bird. They breathe air through their nostrils and seven pairs of the clean ones.

[32:01] So, the idea of biblical kind, if the biblical kind is somewhere between what we call a family and a genus, how many creatures do we have on board the ark? If it's family, about 1,000.

[32:13] If it's genus, about 8,000. Two of each kind, anywhere from 2,000 to 16,000 animals. That's all. There's more than enough space to have all the animals on board the ark.

[32:24] So, what have we looked at so far? We see that the Bible tells us God created land creatures, including dinosaurs, on day six, about 6,000 years ago. They were created to eat plants after the fall.

[32:35] Some of them began to eat meat. And they were taken on board the ark before Noah's flood. And they were on the earth after the flood. But if dinosaurs survived the flood, do we have any evidence from archaeology and things like that to show that people maybe were familiar with dinosaurs until more recent times?

[32:54] Here's one of my favorite ones. So, what you're looking at here, this is a wine basin or vessel from China, 3rd century BC. Do you notice what's on the handle of this dinosaur?

[33:04] Oh, on this cup, I mean. I kind of gave you the answer, right? One of these, look at that. Could it be a camelsaurus or a similar creature?

[33:19] See, when they first wrote this book, these are bronze artifacts, in the Chinese book, they call them dragons. When they translate the Chinese book into English a couple of years ago, do you know what they changed that?

[33:31] The word dragons, they changed that to felines or cats. Does that look anything like a cat to you? No.

[33:42] So, why did they do that? Makes you wonder, don't you? So, this is in China, right? Let's leave China, let's go to Cambodia. So, in Cambodia, there's the world biggest temple complex in the world.

[33:53] It's called the Angkor Wat Temple Complex, World Heritage Site. And one of the temples in this is this temple called Tafong Temple, built in the 12th century. And on this temple, you have all kinds of animal engravings on the pillar.

[34:05] So, you have water buffaloes, monkeys, swans, parrots, creatures that every one of us are familiar with. In the middle, what's that? What does that look like to you? This is all the way back in the 12th century.

[34:18] So, how did they know how to draw something like that? Here, I actually have a cast from that very same pillar. So, I have a fossil table at the back. Go and check out some of the fossils for yourself today. This is one of the things that is there. This is a cast of the pillar.

[34:30] How would they have known how to build something like that? Remember, a dinosaur was supposed to be rediscovered in the 1800s. Yet, in the 12th century, they were building things like that. So, that's what the cast looked like at the bottom.

[34:41] That's the original engraving. You see, when paleontologists first found Stegosaurus, by the way, Stegosaurus fossils are never found in Cambodia. So, it's not like somebody could have tried to dig it out and tried to reconstruct it back then.

[34:53] But even for the first hundred years, when they first found Stegosaurus, these plates, they used to think that was flat, like armoured pieces. But later on, they begin to realise that's not the case. Yet, all the way back in the 12th century, people were already engraving Stegosaurus in the right way.

[35:10] So, let's leave Cambodia, let's leave Asia, let's go to the UK. So, this is all around the world. So, UK, in the 1500s, there was a bishop of a church. And in those days, when the bishop died, he would bury them under the floor of the choir.

[35:22] And that's his tombstone. So, you go to the church, you open the, lift up the carpet, this is what you see. And you notice that metal strip around the tomb. We have animal engravings.

[35:33] Bats, a fish, a dog with a collar, a bird, and what's that? Two long-necked dinosaurs together. What's interesting is that the dinosaur on the left is different from the one on the right.

[35:46] They're both long-necked dinosaurs, but the one on the left has a tail with four backward pointing spikes. And there's only one long-necked dinosaur with four spikes on its tail. It's a Shunosaurus.

[35:59] It can actually identify the species just from the engraving itself. Like we say here, if the evolutionary story of dinosaurs is true, this creature should have died millions of years before human beings walked the earth.

[36:12] So how could the images be engraved on a 500-year-old tomb in northern England? Like this cartoon say, if people weren't around when dinosaurs were there, then who drew their pictures?

[36:26] So if you're interested, many of these artifacts, this is a good book to check out there. It contains artifacts from all over the world. Dinosaurs and men. It's called Dire Dragons. It shows pictures of dinosaurs and men together. But you say to me, don't the fossils itself show that they are millions of years old?

[36:41] Well, not really. And this is where I get to one of my favorite parts about dinosaur research. You see, in 2005, an evolutionist, her name is Dr. Mary Schweitzer, she found a T-Rex bone. And this bone is really big, so she broke it up when she got to the lab.

[36:55] And she began to dissolve away the minerals. And what do you think she found? Dinosaurs soft tissue. After removing the minerals, she said it was flexible, been resilient, went stretched, returned to its original shape.

[37:08] At the bottom right, you can see T-Rex rape blood cells. So they began to find that. How can these things be millions of years old? And then they began to look into more things. They began to find rape blood cells in dark-billed dinosaurs, triceratops, and T-Rex.

[37:24] Multiple examples. She said this, it was exactly looking at a slice of modern bone. But of course, I couldn't believe it. I said to the lab technician, the bones, after all, are 65 million years old.

[37:36] How could bone cells survive that long? Well, Dr. Schweitzer, could it just be that maybe the bones are not 65 million years old? She began to do more research, and they began to find bone cells.

[37:49] These are ostracites, those are bone cells. You can even see the nucleus, they've been stained there. She said, I just got goosebumps. Because everybody knows these things don't last for 65 million years old. She said she believed in millions of years in evolution.

[38:01] and she's looking at all these things that she's seeing before her in the lab, and she cannot make sense of it because of her worldview. She said, as the fossils dissolved, transparent vessels were left behind.

[38:13] It was totally shocking. I didn't believe it until we've done it 17 times. 17 times? Who does an experiment 17 times? Because she believes in evolution.

[38:24] She said, after we had the data, I didn't publish for over a year. I was terrified. Scientists are excited about publishing the results. Do you know why? That is where they get their research funds.

[38:36] So why was she afraid? Because she knew the implications of what she was finding. So here's Dr. Mary Schweitzer on 60 Minutes, and I want you to listen to what she says in this interview.

[38:47] What happened next happened by mistake. Mary put some fragments of the bone in acid to dissolve away the outermost layer of mineral. But the acid worked too fast, and all the mineral dissolved away.

[39:02] Being a fossil, there should have been nothing left. But there was. And it was elastic, like living tissue. This is the piece. No. She showed us videos she took under the microscope.

[39:15] That's really what happened? Yes. That's the dinosaur bone? Without mineral now. That's what was left. It looked like the soft tissue she would have expected to find if it had been modern bone.

[39:27] This was impossible. This bone was 68 million years old. So you see this, and you think, what? I didn't want to tell anybody.

[39:39] That you'd be ridiculed. Yes. Right? And so I said to my technician, okay, do it again. I don't believe it. And yet, in sample after sample, they were there. Things that look suspiciously like flexible, transparent blood vessels, she finally mustered the courage to tell Jack.

[39:57] She said she dissolved the bone away and there were blood vessels. And, you know, I was like, shocked. I mean, How could that be? How could that be? That's right. The things Mary was finding inside dinosaur bones, look at that, blood vessels, and even what seemed to be intact cells, pose a radical challenge to the existing rules of science, that organic material can't possibly survive even a million years, let alone 68 million.

[40:26] Do you hear the irony in the last sentence? Instead of questioning the millions of years, they question the science. All right? Because everybody knows that if these things are really millions of years old, we shouldn't be finding any of this soft tissue in there.

[40:43] And then they begin to look into this more and they begin to find all kinds of proteins. So collagen, that's a stable protein, all right? And they begin to find even delicate proteins like elastin and laminin in what they claim is a dinosaur bone at 80 million years old.

[40:56] And later on, they found collagen in what they claim is 195 million year old dinosaur bones. We still find it there. You know, it's easy to go into a lab and carry out some experiments.

[41:08] And we know that the theoretical limit of collagen, which is a stable protein, by the way, breaking down, is anywhere from 300,000 to 900,000 years max. This is if you freeze it down all the way.

[41:19] But, you know, dinosaurs didn't live in freezing conditions like us. They lived in climates like ours in 15,000 years. All collagen would be gone. Yet we're finding it time and time again.

[41:31] You know, these evolutionists, they come along, say, oh, you creationists, you can't explain the science. So you say, God must have done it. You have a God of the gaps. Ever heard that? It's actually the other way around. Everything we know about science tells us these things cannot be that long.

[41:44] If you still want to believe that these bones are 68 million years old, I have news for you. You're being unscientific. Good science supports the Bible. In fact, even background radiation alone should be enough to wipe out all biomolecules in less than 1 million years.

[42:02] So Mary Schweitzer says this, when you think about it, the laws of chemistry and biology and everything else that we know say it should be gone. It should be degraded completely. Science and biology, good science, tells us these things cannot be millions of years old.

[42:18] And here's a very well-known dinosaur expert, evolutionist again, he says this, bones do not have to be turned into stone to be fossils. And usually most of the original bone is still present in the dinosaur fossil.

[42:30] So we're just talking about dinosaurs, right? But dinosaurs is the least of the evolutionist worries. Why do I say that? Because we do not just find all this protein and soft tissue in dinosaur bones.

[42:42] We find them in what evolution is considered to be ancient fossils of all kinds. Marine fossils of reptiles and marine reptiles and birds and things like that. So if you look at the scientific literature, what do we find?

[42:56] I actually maintain a database of all these soft tissue finds with Dr. Brian Thomas from the Institute for Creation Research. And 59 documented cases of dinosaur soft tissue spanning 31 scientific journals.

[43:10] If you look at all these so-called ancient birds, ancient marine fossils, all that, there are 120 cases. By the way, every few months we have to update this. In fact, just last night I checked and it was 119.

[43:23] Last night it was updated to 120. This changes all the time. So what's the oldest fossil using evolutionary dates? Turns out, 2.5 billion year old fossil and we still find organic biomolecules in there.

[43:38] Do you know what that means? If you use the so-called geological column, go all the way down to the very first appearance of first life according to evolutionists, they're still finding original biomolecules that destroys the idea of millions of years old.

[43:53] But when you start with the worldwide flood and the Earth is only around 6,000 years ago and the flood is about 4,000 years ago, all these things make perfect sense. So we say dinosaur soft tissue.

[44:05] Which history does this fit better with? Billions of years or creation, recent creation? Mary Schweitzer says this, that leaves us with two alternatives for interpretation. Either the bones aren't as old as we think they are or maybe we don't know exactly how these things get preserved.

[44:22] We already show that science tells us they cannot be that old. So what's the alternative? The bones are not millions of years old. The scientists actually went about carbon dating dinosaur bones.

[44:36] So Brian Thomas, the one that maintains data-based, actually has his PhD looking at ancient collagen and soft tissue and he's actually himself dated more, carbon dated more than 50. dinosaur bones. Dinosaur bones contain carbon-14 which means it's young.

[44:50] You see, carbon-14 has a half-life of 5,730 years. What does that mean? It means it breaks down very quickly, decays away very quickly. So if a fossil contains carbon-14, it has to be less than 50,000 years old.

[45:05] Yet time and time again when we test dinosaur fossils, it contains carbon-14. It's from a lab. So what does it say? We know that if it contains carbon-14, it has to be young.

[45:19] So why are we finding all that if these bones are really 65 million years old? By the way, Brian Thomas, the author, the first author they see here, actually got his PhD in this area. It's a well-established field. Okay, so we find carbon-14 in coal.

[45:34] It contains carbon-14 meaning it's young. We find them in diamonds. You see on the top left, diamonds are pure carbon. The bonds are so strong that contamination cannot happen. They're less than 50,000 years old.

[45:47] All over the Earth, we find evidence that the Earth is young. And we have at least three papers, scientific papers, that have currently documented dinosaur DNA.

[45:59] In one of these cases, we have even double helical DNA. And how we know is that they carry out what is called a depi-stain test. And a depi-stain, this molecule, it cleaves into the minor groove of the double helical DNA.

[46:11] So you need to have double helical DNA of a certain length for this to show up as a positive result. And we find that. DNA is unstable. It breaks down quickly. Even under freezing conditions, 6.8 million years, all DNA would be gone.

[46:26] And if they live in climates like ours, in 22,000 years maximum, all DNA would be gone. These are theoretical limits. You can't go more than that. Yet we find them again and again.

[46:37] So we say in CMI, Creation Ministries, DNA, dinos, not ancient. So the discovery of dinosaur soft tissue, DNA, and radiocarbon is a huge problem for evolution and the idea of millions of years.

[46:53] So let's sum up what we have looked at so far. B, C, D, and E. Four points, right? So we look at the Bible, we show that, hey, in Job chapter 40, the Bible talks about dinosaurs. Then we saw centuries of dinosaur artifacts together.

[47:06] People were familiar with them, they survived the flood and they only went extinct in more recent years. Then we saw dinosaur fossils. The way we find them, the mass graveyards, the things they eat, the way they're buried upside down, the necks bend backwards, evidence of a worldwide flood.

[47:22] Then we saw evidence of a young earth from dinosaurs, soft tissue, radiocarbon, DNA. The Bible is young and the Bible can be trusted. So dinosaurs, at the start, maybe you think dinosaurs actually fit in here, right?

[47:39] Fits in both the creation model and the evolutionary model. But after what we have seen today, I would suggest to you dinosaurs really fit with what the Bible says much better. Dinosaurs are missionary lizards.

[47:51] They can use that to share the gospel. If you make the commitment to train yourself, to equip yourself in this area, use this to share the gospel. So here you have a very well-known atheist and he says this, I want atheism to be true and I'm made uneasy by the fact that some of the most intelligent and well-informed people I know are religious believers.

[48:11] It isn't just I don't believe in God and naturally hope I'm right in my belief. It's that I hope there's no God. I don't want there to be a God. I don't want the universe to be like that.

[48:22] Do you see that? Do you know why? Because if there's a God, there's a creator, we are his creation. God tells us what is right, what is wrong. One day we are going to stand before God and give an account for our lives.

[48:34] We cannot live our life any way we choose. We have to live it for God. But I know you can be like him and choose not to believe in God but that doesn't change the fact if God exists, one day we have to give an account for our life.

[48:47] There are consequences to ideas. Romans chapter 1 says this, for his invisible attributes, namely his eternal power and divine nature have been clearly perceived ever since the creation of the world and the things that have been made so that they are without excuse.

[49:04] When we look at science, that reminds us of what God has shown us about his nature. So we have, if you come into this place, you notice that we have many resources out there.

[49:16] So what are the best resources I recommend? First thing I will talk about is Creation Magazine. This is a magazine that I recommend you consider before anything else. So Creation Magazine is a family magazine.

[49:27] There's no advertising in there. But in the recent cover of the issue, we actually have an article here about dinosaur reformation and we also have another interview with Dr. Kevin Anderson.

[49:39] Who is that? Kevin Anderson is a scientist who just passed away recently but has done a lot of research about dinosaur soft tissue that you see earlier on. So we're interviewing here before he passed away. Next book, we have the Creation Answers book, the top 60 questions that people have about creation and evolution in 20 chapters.

[49:57] So if you're interested in dinosaurs, chapter 19, we address dinosaurs. Kids, upper elementary and above and even adults, this looks kiddy but one of my favourite books on dinosaurs, lots of good information in there.

[50:10] So the things I share with you about dinosaurs soft tissue, about artifacts, they're all in there as well. If you're interested in the artifacts that I show you, some of them are in this book called Die Dragons. And if you want to know what the Bible says about creation and things like that, I've read almost every major commentary in Genesis.

[50:26] By far, this is the best one. I highly recommend this. Just under 800 pages from Genesis 1 to 11. So if you want something that really goes into science, theology, church history and all that, I highly recommend this book.

[50:40] So Creation Ministries, we like this book so much. Our scientists spent two years going through that, taking the best parts out of it. And we created a 12 45 minute teaching session. So each DVD is 45 minutes long, 12 sessions that go through that commentary.

[50:53] And this is designed for use at a church Sunday school. You can download questions that you can answer as you watch the video as well. Again, all these things I recommend, but first of all, I'll again emphasize look at Creation Magazine first.

[51:06] And I'll talk more about this magazine in the next session. So again, let's sum up with one last verse. What we have seen up can be summed up in this word. The sum of your word is truth.

[51:17] Friends, God's word can be trusted in what it says about creation and the Bible and even dinosaurs. I hope you enjoyed that. I'm looking forward to seeing you in the next session.

[51:27] I'll be talking about what the Bible actually says about the age of the earth and things like that. Thank you.